{"id":624,"date":"2025-05-05T08:57:36","date_gmt":"2025-05-05T08:57:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smallpay.ch\/?p=624"},"modified":"2025-05-05T08:57:37","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T08:57:37","slug":"ssh-sans-mot-de-passe-comment-sauthentifier-de-maniere-securisee-avec-une-cle-publique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smallpay.ch\/de\/ssh-sans-mot-de-passe-comment-sauthentifier-de-maniere-securisee-avec-une-cle-publique\/","title":{"rendered":"SSH sans mot de passe : comment s\u2019authentifier de mani\u00e8re s\u00e9curis\u00e9e avec une cl\u00e9 publique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oubliez les mots de passe : aujourd\u2019hui, l\u2019authentification SSH par cl\u00e9 publique est la m\u00e9thode la plus fiable pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 vos serveurs. En plus d\u2019\u00eatre plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9e, elle est id\u00e9ale pour automatiser vos connexions et \u00e9viter les erreurs humaines. Voici comment activer ce syst\u00e8me en quelques \u00e9tapes simples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les limites des mots de passe dans SSH<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utiliser un mot de passe pour se connecter \u00e0 distance est courant, mais ce n\u2019est ni pratique ni s\u00fbr. Les risques sont nombreux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mots de passe faibles ou r\u00e9utilis\u00e9s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exposition au phishing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blocage des scripts automatis\u00e9s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La solution ? Remplacer le mot de passe par une authentification bas\u00e9e sur un couple de cl\u00e9s : une publique et une priv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le principe des cl\u00e9s SSH<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le fonctionnement est simple : vous cr\u00e9ez une paire de cl\u00e9s. La cl\u00e9 publique est envoy\u00e9e au serveur, tandis que la cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e reste sur votre ordinateur. Lors d\u2019une tentative de connexion, le serveur v\u00e9rifie que vous poss\u00e9dez bien la cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e associ\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce syst\u00e8me repose sur une cryptographie robuste, et l\u2019acc\u00e8s est impossible sans la bonne cl\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cr\u00e9er une paire de cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur votre terminal (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org\/\">Linux<\/a> ou macOS), lancez cette commande :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\nssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C \"votre-email@exemple.com\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Choisissez l\u2019emplacement par d\u00e9faut et d\u00e9finissez une pass phrase pour plus de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous obtiendrez deux fichiers :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519<\/code> \u2192 votre cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519.pub<\/code> \u2192 votre cl\u00e9 publique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Envoyer la cl\u00e9 publique sur le serveur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utilisez cette commande pour copier la cl\u00e9 automatiquement :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\nssh-copy-id utilisateur@adresse_du_serveur\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ou, si vous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rez faire cela manuellement :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Copiez le contenu de la cl\u00e9 publique :<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519.pub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Connectez-vous au serveur avec mot de passe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ajoutez la cl\u00e9 dans <code>~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"628\" src=\"https:\/\/smallpay.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fingerprint-photo-2-1024x628.jpg\" alt=\"SSH\" class=\"wp-image-627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallpay.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fingerprint-photo-2-1024x628.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/smallpay.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fingerprint-photo-2-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallpay.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fingerprint-photo-2-768x471.jpg 768w, https:\/\/smallpay.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fingerprint-photo-2-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/smallpay.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fingerprint-photo-2.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Connexion sans mot de passe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fois la cl\u00e9 install\u00e9e, connectez-vous simplement :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\nssh utilisateur@adresse_du_serveur\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si une pass phrase a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finie, vous pouvez utiliser un agent SSH pour la m\u00e9moriser pendant votre session :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\neval \"$(ssh-agent -s)\"\nssh-add ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Renforcez la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de votre serveur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour aller plus loin, voici quelques bonnes pratiques :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Appliquer des permissions strictes sur la cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e :<br><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519<\/code><\/pre><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9sactiver l\u2019acc\u00e8s par mot de passe :<br><pre><code class=\"language-bash\"><br>sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<br><br># Modifier ou ajouter<br>PasswordAuthentication no<br><br># Puis red\u00e9marrer le service<br>sudo systemctl restart ssh<br>    <\/code><\/pre><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limiter les IP autoris\u00e9es avec un pare-feu ou Fail2ban<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pourquoi cette m\u00e9thode change tout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mettre en place l\u2019authentification SSH par cl\u00e9 publique, c\u2019est investir quelques minutes pour gagner en s\u00e9curit\u00e9, en rapidit\u00e9 et en confort. Vous \u00e9liminez les erreurs li\u00e9es aux mots de passe, vous prot\u00e9gez mieux vos serveurs, et vous pr\u00e9parez votre infrastructure \u00e0 l\u2019automatisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Que vous soyez administrateur syst\u00e8me ou d\u00e9veloppeur freelance, cette m\u00e9thode devient vite indispensable.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oubliez les mots de passe : aujourd\u2019hui, l\u2019authentification SSH par cl\u00e9 publique est la m\u00e9thode la plus fiable pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 vos serveurs. En plus d\u2019\u00eatre plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9e, elle est id\u00e9ale pour automatiser vos connexions et \u00e9viter les erreurs humaines. Voici comment activer ce syst\u00e8me en quelques \u00e9tapes simples. Les limites des mots de passe&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":626,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SSH sans mot de passe : authentification s\u00e9curis\u00e9e facile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SSH sans mot de passe ? C\u2019est possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019authentification par cl\u00e9 publique. 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